![]() ![]() As Chirhart examines the ideas over which Georgians clashed, she also shows how those ideas were embodied in New Deal and U.S. Torches of Light is based on such sources as government archives, manuscript collections, and interviews with teachers. ![]() White women adapted similar beliefs in different ways to enhance their efforts to train greater numbers of white students for professional and wage labor. African American teachers, individually and collectively, redefined traditional beliefs to buttress ideals of racial uplift and to press for equal access to public services. Although most teachers, black and white, shared backgrounds rooted in localism and evangelical Protestantism, attitudes about race and gender kept them apart. She shows how these changes affected the creation of the state's public school system and cast its teachers in a crucial role as mediators between transformation and tradition.ĭepicting Georgia's steps toward modernity through teachers' professional and cultural work and the educational reforms they advocated, Chirhart presents a unique perspective on the convergence of voices across the state calling for reform or continuity, secularism or theology, equality or enforced norms, consumption or self-reliance. ![]() Ann Short Chirhart's study is the first to analyze such modernizing events in Georgia. ![]() As turbulent social and economic changes swept the South in the first half of the twentieth century, education became the flashpoint. ![]()
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